雅思大作文举例论证的几大误区及应对-李依

作者：新航道雅思教师-李依

雅思大作文写作中，举例论证是烤鸭们最常用的论证方式但也是一大痛点，本文梳理了举例论证几大常见的误区以及应对方法。

一. 举例子的位置

举例子的目的是用来支持和进一步论证自己的观点，所以要置于中心论点也就是中心句之后。关于例子具体的位置没有明确的规则，可以作为插入成分置于supporting sentence中间，也可以单独成句。在很大一部分考官范文中，例子都置于主体段的结尾处，提供论点的细节信息和支持。

二. 举例论证的几大误区

误区一：不具代表性的个例

很多考生喜欢用自己，他人，自己，或者个别的明星做例子，比如下面这两个例子。例（1）中的个人例子没有代表性和说服力，但相比之下例（2）把个人上升到一类人后就比较有典型性和普遍性。虽然很多考生在想例子的时候大多数情况都想到的是自己或者身边的个例，但是在写作的时候要将个例上升到一类人，一类地区或者，提升说服力。比如将I替换结合自己的情况替换成some high school students, some university students,或者some people。

（1）For instance, I like to use social networks, like Facebook, to make new friends and find friends who share common interests, and I interact through my computer rather than face to face.

（2）For instance, many people use social networks, like Facebook, to make new friends and find people who share common interests, and they interact through their computers rather than face to face.

误区二：例子冗长，不相关细节过多

很多考生写的例子很长，怕字数不够就对一个很简单的事长篇大论，洋洋洒洒好几行，比如例（3）。这样的例子适得其反，提供了很多跟中心论点不相关的细节，不够简洁且不能充分的说明自己的观点，相比之下例（4）就好很多，只论述了跟论点相关的信息，论证起来简洁有力。

（3）A common situation is, for example, after a day’s study, young people probably prefer spend their time in front of the video screen instead of homework. Even if they return to their study later, they are too excited to concentrate on their dull homework. After a long period, it’s not difficult to imagine what would happen.

（4）For example, facing these temptations, the adolescents may fail to resist them, so homework and academic performance is sacrificed for a few more hours on the computer or console.

误区三：编造信息，可信度不高

举例子时可以引用新闻报道，政府报告，调查研究，杂志期刊等比较权威和官方的信息来源提升论据的可信度。但很多烤鸭们喜欢在考场上自己编撰数据，这些特别细节的数据反而看起来可信度不高，比如下面的这两个例子。例（6）比例（5）的可信度要高因为它用事实而不是细节的数据去论证, 所以在举例子时要把数据转换为事实。

（5）To illustrate this, a UK government report in April 2017 showed that over 59% of criminals reoffended within 2 years of being released from prison.

（6）To illustrate this, a recent UK government report showed that a large proportion of criminals reoffended soon after being released from prison.

三. 举例论证的表达

举例论证的表达分为内化连接和外显连接两种，外显连接指的是通过一些短语for example, for instance, like, such as, …, including(:) … 或者句式去标记例子。常用的句式有A much quoted example is …；A typical example is …；An example that is often used to illustrate this point is …；This is often illustrated with the example of …。内化连接指的是不用连接词，而是将其以事实或者其他方式呈现, 如下面的例（7）。虽然没有直接用到举例子的连接词，但是却无形中将例子Xbox和television内化成一个事实实现论证观点的目的。

（7）Parents should, however, ensure that young people are protected from too much exposure to advertising. This can mean simply explaining that it is not in fact necessary to buy the newest Xbox, or simply turning the television off.

另外，新航道石家庄学校2019年高考生留学双重礼来了，现在咨询可以进行试听课程，还送千元大礼和价值200元的学习大礼包，还不快快行动起来