对于中国学生来说，托福阅读是托福考试中比较擅长的部分，但阅读虽然上手很快，正确率却不太高，也比较耗费时间，真正想拿满分很难。且至托福改革后，接连两场的托福线下考试，不少学生在阅读上遭遇滑铁卢。

究其原因，除了词汇，主要在于阅读中的长难句。

今天，我们就从托福阅读文章的句子本身出发，好好研究一下阅读长难句，为做题做好充分的准备。

长难句有一个标准的名称，也就是书面表达句式。

托福阅读的文章一般都是学术类话题议论文或者说明文，书面内容的陈述需要正式规范的表达呈现，且各个句子信息之间有明确的逻辑关系，所以，想要破解托福阅读的长难句，首先是需要学会快速找到句子主干。

那么如何能够快速找到句子主干重点呢？

老师教大家一个非常简单的口诀，叫做：去修饰、找并列。

在一个句子中，除了基本的主干之外，还有一些定语、状语、同位语等修饰成分，这些修饰可能以词或短语的形式出现，也可能以从句或插入语的形式出现，不管是哪一种形式，在看句子主干时都可以自动忽略，只专注于句子主干信息。

一般来说，在去掉：

·定语：that, which(介词+which), who,…

·状语：v+ing，when，where，if，because

等修饰成分之后，可以看一下这个句子中是否有连词：and/or/but，not only…but also…，not…but…，no more/longer/less …than，as…as等。

有的话并列双方都要看，没有的话这个句子可能就是普通的简单句：主系表、主谓宾、There be句型等。

这样通过简单的去修饰找并列，就可以大致看出一个句子的核心内容，扫读定位起来也就不难了。

长难句重点信息提取练习

我们以外文报刊杂志中选取的阅读长难句为例，提取一下重点信息（红色为句子主干，蓝色为从句等修饰）：

·The problem of how health-care resources should be allocated or apportioned,so that they are distributed in both the most just and the most effective way,is not a new one.

·Since the early years of the twentieth century,when the International Athletic Federation began keeping records,there has been a steady improvement in how fast athletes run,how high they jump and how far they are able to hurl massive objects,themselves included,through space.

·According to Siegel,international environmental organizations are beginning to pay closer attention to the region,partly because of the problems of erosion and pollution of the Nile delta,but principally because they fear the impact this situation could have on the whole Mediterranean coastal ecosystem.

·The field was launched,and the term"artificial intelligence"coined,at a conference in 1956,by a group of researchers that included Marvin Minsky,John MaCarthy,Herbert Simon and Alan Newell,all of whom went on to become leading figures in the field.

·In particular,the problem of information overload,exacerbated by the growth of e-mail and the explosion in the number of web pages,means there are plenty of opportunities for new technologies to help filter and categorize information—classic Al problems.

·Educating Psyche by Bernie Neville is a book which looks at radical new approaches to learning,describing the effects of emotion,imagination and the unconscious on learning.

·At the height of the Roman Empire,nine major systems,with an innovative layout of pipes and well-built sewers,supplied the occupants of Rome with as much water per person as is provided in many parts of the industrial world today.

另外，对于刚开始练习快速阅读长难句的同学来说，抓住主语与谓语也是一个非常有效的方法！

一般来说，一个句子中第 一个出现的独立名词（前面没有介词等）即为主语。如果句子开始为修饰成分的话没关系，往后找名词做主语；主语之后如果没有其他成分，紧接着的动词即为谓语，不过一般来说，主语之后都会有插入语等修饰，跳过修饰找到动词即可。

以上仅供参考，详情可咨询新航道学校，小航在这里等你。