托福学习,今天分享的是“托福综合口语Task3如何提速”。
说到综合口语,每当我问及同学在作答综合口语Task3时的难点是什么时,回答可以说是相当五花八门,我整理过后大概分为以下几种:
“手速”不够快,听力的时候思绪在前面飞,手在后面苦苦追;
超时,一分钟的答题时间完全不够用,笔记上的都说出来怎么也得给我安排个两分钟;
对所有信息一视同仁,雨露均沾,老师总是说让我讲重点,讲关键信息,强调出逻辑。但是到底谁比谁重要呢?算了,都说出来让考官自己悟吧!
如果你也在面临着这些问题,那我们不如先回归到综合口语Task 3较核心较本质的一个关键上: 你找出阅读和听力之间的对应关系了吗?
笔记“手速”不够快,是不是因为在听的过程中完全不做信息筛选,像是法院书记员一样字字都要记下来呢?
一分钟才刚说到笔记的一半是不是因为说的过程中不会对信息的重要程度作判断,原文中细枝末节的事情也奉为圭臬,句句不敢落下呢?
例子讲了归讲了,但照猫画虎较后好像画出来的是小熊猫?
听力里面谁重要谁不重要,其实只有一个人说了算,那就是我们的阅读材料!
很多同学在处理综合口语Task3阅读材料的时候都会觉得相对容易一些,因为在50s的准备时间里,它至少是不会跑的,不像是听力一样一去不复返。但其实做到真正读懂阅读的同学其实是少数,能够留意到它与听力材料之间血浓于水的紧密关系的更是少之又少。
那我们就来分别看一看在怎么通过阅读材料来实现听力信息筛选,并且能够通过例子的细节体现出定义的逻辑。
接下来出场的是较需要大刀阔斧进行删减,且阅读和听力对应性极强的心理学题目。
让我们以TPO 64 Task 3为例:
Paradox of Choice
The freedom to make choices and decisions makes people happy because it gives them a sense of being in control of their lives. However, the fact that having some choice is good does not mean that having more choice is necessarily better, since having too many choices can cause anxiety and dissatisfaction.
The main reason for this is that as the number of options available to us increases, the effort required to make a good decision increases as well. This phenomenon has been termed the paradox of choice: we like having choices and think that having more choices should please us; but instead, it causes us distress.
通过定位学术名词在文章中第 一次出现的地方以及标志词【this】(定义一定出现在this之前)+【termed as】(“被称为”提示之前的内容为定义),我们不难找到学术名词paradox of choice(选择悖论)的定义:指的是我们以为拥有更多的选择会让我们开心,但实际上有太多的选择实际上会产生焦虑和不满足的情绪。因此我们这个时候就可以明确例子当中我们需要重点复述出来的三层信息:1. 选择变多了 2. 因此而焦虑 3. 因此不满意,除此之外的内容就都可以被划分为次要信息,可以适当省略甚至删除。
接下来,让我们看看本篇题目的听力,让我带着你手把手地进行信息筛选。
Now listen to a lecture on this topic in a psychology class.
Okay, here's an example. Last week I went shopping for a pair of jeans. I hadn't bought jeans in years. And boy was I in for a surprise. 当教授用自己的经历当作例子的时候特别喜欢铺垫一些我们其实并不想知道的背景信息和他细微的心理活动,这个时候我们只要一个字“删”!
You see, all I wanted was regular jeans. But when I told this to the salesperson, he looked at me as though I were from Mars.店员看我时无论我好像是从火星金星冥王星来的,都不重要,因为和我们刚才阅读中的定义并不相关。
这一整段只有一句话是我们的回答里真正需要的信息:The professor wanted to buy a pair of regular jeans.
我相信对大多数同学来说在这开头的20-30s内记录下来这样一句话都是毫无难度的。
He explained I could choose between【five different styles, straight or baggy, and I don't know what else and a dozen colors. And on top of that, did I want buttons or zipper? 】这一段内容很多同学就已经会开始有点lost,因为在此前的人生中我们确实也没有意识到牛仔裤居然有这么多款式,另外baggy, zipper这样的词可能会相对陌生。
但是!教授的这一段报菜名只是为了让我们明白一个道理:他面临了过多的选择。回顾定义,我们可以看到这部分内容属于定义的一部分,因此我们现在就需要进行一定的整合(也就是数学上所说的合并同类项):The salesperson offered a dozen choices in terms of different colors and styles。
Now, it used to be there were only a couple of jean’s types, and it was easy for me to decide what I wanted. Now, with all these different possibilities, shopping was hard.
下面我们在过多的选择和消极的情绪之间建立起联系:
With so much more different possibilities, shopping became hard for the professor.
I went back and forth. This pair was really comfortable. But this other one was the most fashionable. And there were at least four different colors that looked really good.
哪条舒服哪条时尚和我们的定义无关,核心就是:他焦虑了。
He went back and forth and felt anxious about which one to choose.
Finally, I did settle on one, but what used to take five minutes had turned into a 2 hour project.
Before, the choice was basically dark blue or light blue, period. Maybe the fit wasn't perfect but deciding was easy. But now I had a complex and time-consuming problem on my hands.
这个地方很多同学还是会倾向于把细节也都一并记下来,深蓝浅蓝,5分钟两小时,在记这些细节的时候真正总结性的言论就悄悄溜走了。好心的教授已经为我们剖析了他的痛苦:
Deciding used to be easy, but now the whole shopping process turned complex and time-consuming.
Plus, all the back and forth actually gave me a headache. Was I making the right decision? How could I be sure? Sure, it was only a pair of jeans, but I left the store anxious rather than satisfied with my purchase.
是不是以为说完上一句话就已经可以美美结束作答了?
PLUS! 没想到吧,教授在例子的较后进行了一个紧急分层。大家也可以回想一下,我们刚才的定义是不是有一个方面还没有提及到?教授的难受不仅仅是选不出来的焦虑,还要有夹杂着不满意。这一层当中我们揭秘了为什么太多选择还会让人对自己的选择不满意:因为不确定自己选的那个是不是较对的,的!
The professor left the store unsatisfied since he wasn't sure whether he made the right decision.
希望大家可以通过这样一个简单的小例子体会到:“阅读是听力筛选的标准”。记笔记的过程可以微微后置于听力信息的出现,在听的过程中就主动去判断这个信息对于定义的说明是否起到了直接作用,如果没有的话我们可以干脆不记下来,这样的话既减轻了笔记负担也不会出现复述的时候被次要信息扰乱思路的情况。
另外,一定要注意的是,Task3的阅读并不是只要找到了定义就万事大吉。实际上,阅读中定义后面的信息对于听力会有一个非常强的预告作用,几乎就是“剧透”了听力的全部内容。因此我非常推荐大家在做阅读的时候将定义出现后的全部内容都先通读并理解,这样带着预判去听听力的时候,谁是“烟雾弹”谁是“真家伙”会变得一目了然。
当然,一开始去练习的时候肯定还是会有判断失误的时候,记下来了无用细节,放走了关键信息,因此我们在练习完成后一定要再重读重听原文材料以及自己的录音音频,进行复盘比对。久而久之,找到阅读和听力的对应性对你而言就是小菜一碟啦。
以上仅供参考,详情可咨询新航道学校,小航在这里等你。
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