连接动词本身有一定的意义，但不能单独用作谓语，所以必须与谓语一起形成。表达式通常用作名词、形容词或相当于名词或形容词的词或短语，表示主语是什么或什么。

一、连系动词be

be是最常用的连系动词，它的后面可跟名词、形容词、代词、数词、副词、介词短语、从句、动词不定式、分词等作表语,构成主系表结构。

be的时态变化：

一般现在时：am, is, are

一般过去时：was, were

现在将来时：will be, is going to be, are going to

过去将来时：would be, was going to be, were going to be

现在完成时：have been, has been

过去完成时：had been

例句：

①He will be a teacher.他将要成为老师。（名词作表语）

②He said he was going to be in Shanghai the next week.他说他下一周将在上海。（介词短语作表语）

③She was the first to learn about it.她个知道这个消息。（数词作表语）

④My idea is this.我的想法就是这。（代词作表语）

⑤We must be off now.现在我们必须离开。（副词作表语）

⑥My idea is that we should tie the tree to the stick first.我的主义是先把树绑到木棒上。（从句作表语）

⑦My job is to feed the animals.我的工作是饲养动物。（动词不定式作表语）

⑧She has been like this ever since last night.从昨晚她就这个样52

子。（介词短语作表语）

⑨He said he had been here for three years.他说他在这里三年了。（副词作表语）

⑩We were very tired last night.昨晚我们很累。（形容词作表语）

二、与感官有关的连系动词

这类连系动词表示存在或具有某种特征或状态，强调"存在"。这类连系动词有look(看起来),feel(摸上去), ,smell(闻起来),taste(尝起来),sound(听起来)等，这类连系动词还时常作实义动词用, 进行句式变化时要接助动词。区别：

1.He is looking.他正在看。（实义动词）

He looks very young.他看起来很年轻。（形容词作表语）

He looks like his mother.(He is like his mother.)他看起来象他的妈妈。（介词短语作表语）

  What does it look like?(What is it like?)它看起来象什么？（介词短语作表语）

2.Don’t smell the meat.不要闻这肉。（实义动词）

 The cake smells delicious.这蛋糕闻起来挺好。（形容词作表语）

 It smells like a cake.它闻起来象蛋糕。（介词短语作表语）

3.He tasted the bread.他尝了尝这面包。（实义动词）

 The bread tastes very nice.这面包尝起来很好。（形容词作表语）

 The tea tastes like coffee.这茶尝起来象咖啡。（介词短语作表语）

4.The story sounds true.这故事听起来真实。

  “Ph” sounds like an “f”. “ph”听起来象“f”

   三、表示变化的连系动词

这类连系动词强调"变化"后的情况或状态.常见的有:become(变成), get(变得) ，turn(变成), grow(变得), go(变得)等。例句：

1.When spring comes, the days get longer and the weather gets warmer.春天来时，白天变长，天气变暖。

2.Florence Nightingale became a famous nurse.弗洛伦斯·南丁格

53

尔变成了一个的护士。

3.Dr Bethune became very popular then.那时白求恩大夫变得很受欢迎了。

4.His face turned redder and redder.他的脸变得越来越红了。

5.It’s growing dark.天在变黑。

四、表示某种情况或状态持续的连系动词。

这类连系动词强调"持续"。常见的有: keep(保持),stay(保持),continue(继续、仍旧),stand(处于某状况或情形)等。例句:

1.They keep busy.他们保持忙碌。

2.If you want to be thinner and keep healthier, you have to eat less food and you have to take more exercise.如果你想变瘦和保持健康，你不得不吃更少的食物，进行更多的体育锻炼。

3.Please stay happy.请保持高兴。

4. It's already ten in the morning. The store remains closed. What's the matter?已经上午10点了，商店还关着，发生了什么事。

五、表示好象的连系动词

这类连系动词有seem(似乎是),appear(似乎、显得),后面跟形容词作表语，也可以跟动词不定式作表语。例句：

    1.He seems very happy.

     He seems to be happy.

    2.It seems to rain.

     It seems to be rainy.

     It seems rainy.

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