我们知道定语从句可以分为限定性和非限定性,对于限定性定语从句,如果从句偏短,一般需要先翻译从句,译成“…的”。
例如:
1. But his primary task is not to think about the moral code (which governs his activity), any more than a businessman is expected to dedicate his energies to an exploration of rules of conduct in business. (2006-49.)
在这个which 引导的定语从句中,整个从句偏短,翻译时可以直接把从句部分翻译在先行词the moral code之前,也就是:“…支配他的行动的道德规范…”。
但如果定语从句较长,为了避免翻译成汉语之后修饰语过长,往往将定语从句译成一个分句,这时候一般会重复先行词或者用代词代替先行词,充当后面从句的主语。
例如:
2. I shall define him as an individual (who has elected as his primary duty and pleasure in life the activity of thinking in a Socratic(苏格拉底的)way about moral problems.) (2006-46)
在这个句子中,who 引导的定语从句较长,且从句后面没有接其他内容,因此我们可以按句子顺序翻译,将定语从句译成一个分句,也就是:
“我将他(知识分子)定义成一个这样的人:他对道德问题进行苏格拉底式思考,并将此作为自己人生的首要责任和快乐。”
除了较长的限定性定语从句,对于非限定性定语从句(, which…),一般会按顺序译成分句,用以对先行词进行补充说明,此时也需要重复先行词或以代词指代先行词。
例如:
3. The Greeks assumed that the structure of language had some connection with the process of thought, which took root in Europe long before people realized how diverse languages could be. (2004-41)
在这个句子中,which指代前面整句话,我们翻译时,会按顺序分开译,也就是:“希腊人认为语言的结构和思维过程有某种联系,这种观点早在人们意识到语言的千差万别之前就已经在欧洲扎下了根。”
4. His function is analogous to that of a judge, (who must accept the obligation of revealing in as obvious a matter as possible the course of reasoning (which led him to his decision)). (2006-47)
以上句子中有两个定语从句,其中who引导的非限定性定从修饰先行词a judge; 而后面的which引导的限定性定从修饰先行词the course of reasoning。
我们在翻译这两个定语从句时也会有不同的处理方法:对who引导的从句顺译成分句,而对后面的which引导的定从,则进行倒译,译成“…的”,也就是:“他(知识分子)的职责与法官相似,必须承担这样的责任:以尽可能明了的方式揭示导致他做出决定的推理过程。”
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