如何构建流程图overview

流程图每年考查次数在3次左右，一直以来不受烤鸭们关注，这就造成了大家整体流程图写作较弱，每每考前祈祷不要碰到流程图。事实上，相较数据图，流程图写作更容易得高分，今天给大家分享其中一个高分元素-overview的写法。

剑桥雅思真题流程图统计

(剑4-剑16)

目前剑桥真题（剑4-剑16）共收录了8篇流程图，其中2篇带有官方范文，但考查题型（生命循环图）不是现在主流考题（产品制作图），所以范文中的overview不太具有参考性。剩下6篇是考生范文，整体分数分布在5.5-6.5，对于写作需上7分及以上的学生来说也没有太大参考价值。 考生范文附带的考官评语及官方评分标准解读视频是相对权威的信息来源，我们一起来看看流程图总结必备要素有哪些。

Comments from examiners

1. The candidate has provided a clear introduction and an overview of the key stages of the process. (C12T8)

2. The answer covers the key features of the process and provides an overview of this process in the final paragraph. (C14T3)

3. A stronger overview would help to raise the overall score. (C15T3)

4. There is an overview presented in the first paragraph which summarizes the process into the farming stages and the drying stages. This summary could be more detailed, e.g. farming, crushing, separating and drying stages. (C16T2)

5. The score for this response could be improved by including a summary of the main stages of the process, e.g. plastic bottles are collected, sorted, broken down and made into new products.  (C16T4）

（雅思写作TA/TR评分标准）  

 从考官评论3和5来看，一个优质的概述能帮助提升整体分数；所收集到的评论中高频出现的词组是关键/核心阶段，那我们可以大胆确定这方面内容可以呈现在概述段；另外官方评分标准解中也有相关信息，并且直接表明流程图概述包括两方面内容，也就是说明总共多少阶段及指出关键阶段。

明确概述段写什么之后，我们可以简单搭建句型如 Overall, there are # stages in the process, during which…(用于信息量较少题型);或者Overall, there are # stages in the process, mainly including…(用于信息量较多题型)，现在我们结合剑桥真题来看看具体应用。

剑12 test8 task1是关于地热能（geothermal power）发电过程，图片中标注了5个阶段(pump down, heat, pump up, power turbines, operate generators）, 核心阶段宁多勿少，五个中选出三个左右完全没问题，笔者选取的关键信息是“水抽送到地下系统被加热，然后驱动地面设备发电”, 较后整理出句子Overall, there are five stages in the process, during which water is pumped down to be heated in the underground system and then powers machines installed on the ground to produce electricity；较 新剑桥真题16 test2 task1中糖（sugar）生产制作过程信息量相对较大，总共包括7个阶段（growing, harvesting, crushing, purifying, evaporating, separating, drying and cooling），growing和harvesting可以整合成farming，purifying在笔者看来并未改变物质形态，不归为核心阶段，总结可以写成Overall, there are seven stages in the process of generating electricity, mainly including farming, crushing, evaporating, separating and drying.

通过以上的讲解希望能给烤鸭们一些启发，当然每个学生的词汇储备不一样，大家结合自身水平灵活调整！