2021年11月6日雅思考试阅读机经真题答案回忆【新航道版】

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READING

Passage 1

Topic  Koalas

内容方面

A. Koalas are just too nice for their own good. And except for the occasional baby taken by

birds of prey, koalas have no natural enemies. In an ideal world, the life of an arboreal couch

potato would be perfectly safe and acceptable.

B. Just two hundred years ago, koalas flourished across Australia. Now they seem to be in

decline, but exact numbers are not available as the species would not seem to be 'under

threat'. Their problem, however, has been nan, more specifically, the white man. Koala and

aborigine had co-existed peacefully for centuries.

C. Today koalas are found only in scatered pockets of southeast Australia where they

seem to be at the risk on several fronts. The koala's only food source, the eucalyptus tree，

has declined. In the past 200 years, a third of Australia's eucalyptus forests have

disappeared. Koalas have been killed by parasites, chlamydia epidemics and a

tumour-causing retro-virus. And every year 11000 are killed by cars, ironically most of them

in wildlife sanctuaries, and thousands are klled by poachers. Some are also taken ilally

as pets. The animals usually soon die, but they are easily replaced.

D. Bush fires pose another threat. The horrific ones that raged in New South Wales recently

Killed between 100 and 1000 Koalas. Many that were taken into sanctuaries and shelters

were found to have burnt their paws on the glowing embers .But zoologists say that the

species should recover. The Koalas will be aided by the eucalyptus, which grows quickly

and is already burgeoning forth after the fires. So the main problem to their survival is their

slow reproductive rate - they produce only one baby a year over a reproductive lifespan of

about nine years.

E. The latest problem for the species is perhaps more insidious. With plush, grey fur, dark

amber eyes and button nose, koalas are cuddliness incamate Australian zo0s and wildlife

parks have taken advantage of their uncomplaining atitudes, and charge visitors to be

photogr aphed hugging the furry bundles. But people may not realise how cruel this is, but

because of the koala's delicate disposition, constant handling can push an already

precariously balanced physiology over the edge.

F. Koalas only eat the foliage of certain species of eucalyptus trees, between 600 and 1250

grams a day. The tough leaves are packed with cellulose ，tannins, aromatic oils and

precursors of toxic cyanides. To handle this cocktail, koalas have a specialised digestive

system. Cellulose-digesting bacteria in the caecum

break down fibre, while a specially

adapted gut and liver process the toxins. To digest their food property, koalas must sit still for

21 hours every day.

G. Koalas are the epitome of innocence and inoffensiveness. Although they are capable of

ripping open a man's arm with their needle-sharp claws, or giving a nasty nip, they simply

wouldn't. If you upset a koala, it may blink or swallow, or hiccup. But attack? No way! Koalas

are just not aggressive. "They use their claws to grip the hard smooth bark of eucalyptus

trees.

H. They are also very sensitive,. and the slightest upset can prevent them from breeding,

cause them to go off their food, and succumb to gut infections. Koalas are stoic creatures

and put on a brave face until they are at death's door. One day they may appear healthy, the

next they could be dead. Captive koalas have to be weighed daily to check that they are

feeding properly. A sudden loss of weight is usually the only warning keepers have that their

charge is il. Only two keepers plus a vet were allowed to handle London Zoo's koalas, as

these creatures are only comfortable with people they know. A request for the koala to be

taken to Beet the Queen was refused because of the distress this would have caused the

marsupial. Sadly. London's Zoo no longer has a koala. Two years ago the female koala died

of a cancer caused by a retrovirus. When they come into heat, female koalas become more

active, and start losing weight, but after about sixteen days, heat ends and the weight piles

back on. London' s koala did not. Surgery revealed hundreds of pea-sized tumours.

I. Almost every z00 in ; Australia has koalas-the marsupial has become the Animal

Ambass ador of the nation, but nowhere outside Australia would handling by the public be

allowed. Koala cuddling screams in the face of every rule of good care. First, some zoos

allow koalas to be passed from stranger to stranger, many children who love to squeeze.

Secondly, most people have no idea of how to handle the animals: they like to cling on to

their handler, all in their own good fime and use his or her arm as a tree. For such reasons,

the Association of Fauna and Marine parks, an Australian conservation society is

campaigning to ban koala cuddling. Policy on koala handling is determined by state

goverment authorities. "And the largest of the numbers in the Australian nature

Conservation Agengy, with the aim of instituting national guidelines. Following a wave of

publicity, some z00S and wildlife parks have stopped tuming their koalas into photo.

题目方面

1-5为单选题

1. The main reason why koala declined is that

A by captivity

B by diseases they got

C killed on the road

D low birth rate

2. How can koalas fully digest their food?

A toxic substance in the leaves

B organs that dissolve the fibres

C remaining inactive for a period to digest

D eating eucalyptus trees

3. What would koalas do when facing the dangerous situation?

A show signs of being offended

B counter attack furiously

C use sharp dlaws to rip the man

D fake death

4. In what ways Australian zo0s exploit koalas?

A make them as "animal ambassador"

B put them on the trees as a symbol

C allow tourists to cuddle the koalas

D establish a koala campaign

5. What does the author think about the government policy on Koalas?

A introduce koala protection guide lines

B close some of the zoos

C encourage people to resist visiting the zo0s

D persuade the public to le am more knowledge

的

6-12为判断题

6. settlers are the main cause for Koalas decline.

Yes

7. Koalas are found in most of the places in Australia.

No

8. the eucalyptus trees haven't recover from recent fire. No

9. Koalas will fight each other over food.

Not Given

10. It is not easy to notice that koalas are il.

Yes

11. Koalas are easily infected with human contagious disease. Not Given

12 Koalas like to hold a person's arm rather than being held.

Yes

13为选择题

From your opinion this article wittenby

A a journalist who write for magazine

B a z00 keeper in London Zoo.

C a student write forhis essay

D a government oficial who studies koalas to establish a law

Passage2

Topic   All about chocolate

All about chocolate

Chocolate is the best-known food that nobody knows anything about it. This article reveals

the mystery of the bittersweet food.

A. When most of us hear the word chocolate, we picture a bar, a box of bonbons, or a

bunny. The verb that comes to mind is probably "eat," not "drink," and the most apt adjective

would seem to be "sweet." But for about 90 percent of chocolate's long history, it was strictly

a beverage, and sugar didn't have anything to do with it.

B. The terminology can be a lttle confusing, but most experts these days use the term

"cacao" to refer to the plant or its beans before processing,"I often call chocolate the

best- known food that nobody knows anything about," said Alexandra Leaf, a self described

"chocolate educator" who runs a business called Chocolate Tours of New York City. The

term“chocolate" refers to anything made from the beans, she explained. "Cocoa" generally

refers to chocolate in a powdered form, although it can also be a British form of "cacao.'

Etymologists trace the origin of the word "chocolate" to the Aztec word' xocoatl," which

referred to a bitter drink brewed from cacao beans. The Latin name for the cacao tree,

Theobeomacacao , means "food of the gods."

C. Many modem historians have estimated that chocolate has been around for about 2000

years, but recent research suggests that it may be even older. In the book The True History

of Chocolate, authors Sophie and Michael Coe make a case that the earliest linguistic

evidence of chocolate consumption stretches back to three or even four millennia, to

pre-Columbian cultures of Mesoamerica such as the Olmec.

D. Last November, anthropologists from the University of PennsyIvania announced the

discovery of cacao residue on pottery excavated in Honduras that could date back as far as

1400 B.C. It appears that the sweet pulp of the cacao fruit, which surrounds the beans, was

fermented into an alcoholic beverage of the time.

E. It's hard to pin down exactly when chocolate was born, but it's dlear that it was cherished

from the start. For several centuries in pre-modern Latin America, cacao beans were

considered valuable enough to use as currency. One bean could be traded for a tamale,

while 100 beans could purchase a good turkey hen, according to a 1 6th-century Aztec

document.Both the Mayans and Aztecs believed the cacao bean had magical, or even

divine, properties, suitable for use in the most sacred rituals of birth, marriage and death.

According to the book The Chocolate Connoisseur, Aztec sacrifce victims who felt too

melancholy to join in ritual dancing before their death were often given a gourd of chocolate

(tinged with the blood of previous victims) to cheer them up.

F. Sweetened chocolate didn't appear until Europeans discovered the Americas and

sampled the native cuisine. Legend has it that the Aztec king Montezuma welcomed the

Spanish explorer Hemando Cortes with a banquet that indluded drinking chocolate, having

tragically mistaken him for a reincamated deity instead of a conquering invader. Chocolate

didn't suit the foreigners' taste buds at first- one described it in his writings as“a bitter drink

for pigs"- -but once mixed with cane sugar, or if it is available, honey, it quickly became

popular throughout Spain. By the 1 7th century, chocolate was a fashionable drink throughout

Europe, believed to have nutritious, medicinal and even aphrodisiac properties. But it

remained largely a privilege of the rich until the invention of the steam engine made mass

production possible in the late 1700s.

G. In 1828, a Dutch chemist found a way to make powdered chocolate by removing about

half the natural fat (cacao butter) from chocolate liquor, pulverizing what remained and

treating the mixture with alkaline salts to cut the bitter taste. His product became known as

"Dutch cocoa," and it soon led to the creation of solid chocolate. The creation of the first

modern chocolate bar is credited to Joseph Fry, who in 1847 discovered that he could make

a moldable chocolate paste by adding melted cacao butter back into Dutch cocoa. By 1868,

a lttle company called Cadbury was marketing boxes of chocolate candies in England. Milk

chocolate hit the market a few years later, pioneered by another name that may ring a

bell- -Nestle.

H. In modem society,additives and sugars were added to cacao, more like candies than

chocolates.

I. The United States accounts for 20% of the world's chocolate consumption. Women [91%]

prefer to eat chocolate more than men [87%]. The average person consumes 11 kilograms

every day.

题目方面

14-17为段幕匹配题

Which paragraph contains the following information?

14.a reference to the economic worth of cacao beans at one point in the past

E

15.an indication of general consumption of chocolate in modern society

1

16.a reference to the ingredient change of modem chocolate

H

17.an account of first opinion of Europeans on chocolate

F

18-22为匹配题

18. Language

B

19. word,used to describe A

20.题目暂缺

D

21. Ceremony

E

22. old ceramics

C

A Alexandra Leaf

B Sophie and Michael Coe

C暂缺

D暂缺

E暂缺

F Joseph Fry

23-26为填空题

Europeans first thought chocolates were bitter, but with the combination of sugar or__ _23___

it became popular in European. However, it is only the food of the_ 24___ _until the late

1700s.

In the early years of 1800s, a_ 25_

made powdered chocolate through extracting

_26___ and added to specific salts.

23. honey

24. rich

25. chemist

26. fat

Passage 3

Topic

Case study of fle xible working: Frank Russell Company

CASE STUDY IN FLEXIBLE WORKING: FRANK RUSSELL COMPANY

A. Two phrases that Frank Russell Company uses to identify itself also suggest why flexible

work options are a perfect fit for this American financial services firm. The sun never sets in

Russell' means this 24-hour, multi-country organizations' flexible work hours are essential to

conducting its business. "Employees first, dlients second' expresses the bottom line worth

that management sees in employee satisfaction and creating an excellent work environment

that indludes opportunities to work from home. Telework, (ie. working away from the

traditional office) compressed workweeks and flextime serve Rusell both as strategic

business tools and valued employee benefits. 'Of we have happy staff frst, we will have

happy dlient,' says Mike Phillips, the company's chief executive .

B. Flexible work options are offered in all departments, but the level and type of use vary

widely among the 970 employees based at the company's headquaters in Tacoma,

Washington State. In. the early 1990s, several work groups pioneered various forms of

flexible working, induding telework. As the programs spread, management discovered one

size does not ft all. Rather than attempt to cover every possibity, Russell now provides

general guidelines under which departments customize plans to accommodate individuals'

personal circumstances.

C. Implementing telework becomes less of a leap when a company's staf and clients are

already scattered around the world. Pam Johnson, Manager of Intemational Assignments,

works in Tacoma but reports to a supervisor based in London. She is responsible for

transfers of staff from. one country to another, including negotiating the terms, shipping

belongings and obtaining work permits. She works from home several times a month.

answer emails.' Johnson says she is a more loyal employee because of the combination of

benefits, flexibility and trust her employer offers. 'I've been here 11 years. Once in a while

wonder if I should look elsewhere, but the opportunity to flex my hours and work at home are

part of the formula that always ends up on the Russell side.

D. Email and technology such as remote network access not only transformed the office

environment and the communication abilities between branch offices, they supported the

growth of telework. Mike Phillips is as reliant on email and remote access as anyone,

regardless of whether he is working in Singapore, Tacoma or from home. 'Email is our

primary means of communication,' Pilips says. 1 can get up two hours early Singapore and

respond to 20 emails from associates around the world or send a company-wide memo from

home.'

E. The ability to vary start times or work the longer days of a compressed workweek are a

way of doing business at Russell. An earlier start or a longer day increases telephone

communication with international staff. In addition, since the New York Exchange opens at 9

a.m, traders on the West Coast need to start by 6 a.m local time. Another group, which

provides desktop computer support, finds four 10-hour days make it easier to accomplish

some tasks before or after employees need to use their computers.

F. The larger consulting department offers compressed workweeks to administrative staff.

Administrative Assistant Jean Boelk works different proportions of altermate weeks in order

to receive one extra day off every other week. She is part of team of four administrative staff

who jointy support a work group of four executives. People are more willing to help each

other because we're dependent on each other on our days off, Boelk says. Increasing the

hours of coverage, plus the idea of cross-training and shared work, results in less overtime.

So long as coverage is adequate, staff can change days off from one pay period to the next.

G. What motivates teleworkers is usually a combination of work and personal needs. Senior

Technical Analyst Scott Boyd, who is in the Computer Operation section, works at home

twice a month. Boyd's job involves responding to telephone requests, and in the ffice it's

hard to work longer than 10 minutes without getting interrupted by the phone. lt's an

incredible relief to be so productive for one day at home,'he says.

H. Anumber of managers also find that working at home improves their overall

performance. Sales and Marketing Services Manager Tricia O'Connell works at home

approximately two days a month. She gives staff her home telephone number and advance

notice of her plans, then checks voice mail every half hour and email every hour from home.

In addition, she schedules weekly meetings in her office with each of eight members of her

team to discuss challenges and encourage top performance. 'This means I am more able to

focus on staff when it counts,' she says.I

In the end, management asks two questions

when making decisions about work option requests: 1) Will it improve overall employee

satisfaction or job performance? and 2) Will it hurt performance of duties in some way that it

not acceptable or is not offset by other improvements? For Frank Russell Company, the

answers these questions show that flexible working is highly satisfactory for business.

题目方面

27-34为LOH

List of Headings

Flexible working meets differing business needs

ii The disadvantages of flexible working

ii

The process of organising flexible working has changed

iv Involving dlients in deciding how best to serve them

v

Technical developments have facilitated flexible working

vi

The cost/beneft analysis of flexible working

vi Flexible working increases co-operation among staff

ix Flexible working encourages commitment to the company

The workforce is the company's top priority

xi It's easier to get on with the work at home

Example

Answer

Paragraph E

i

27. ParagraphA

28. Paragraph B

ili

29. Paragraph C

ix

30. Paragraph D

V

31. Paragraph F

vii

32. Paragraph G

xi

33. Paragraph H

vili

34. Paragraph I

vi

35-37为匹配题

List of Staff

A. Mike Phillips

B. Pam Johnson

C. Jean Boelk

D. Scott Boyd

E. Tricia O'Connell

35. provides contact details when working out of the office

E

36

is convinced that staff feelings have an impact on company

D

37 performance has responsibilities which are shared with certain colleagues C

38-40为填空题

38. The Frank Russell Company aims to ensure that staff gain a sense of satisfaction from

their work.

39. Mike Phillip mostly uses emails to contact staff.

40. In the consulting department flexible working reduces the amount of overtime done by

staff.

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